Web Accessibility and Text: Writing Readable Content for All Users
Accessible text is not just a legal requirement — it is good writing. Content that follows accessibility guidelines is clearer, more scannable, and more effective for all users, not just those with disabilities. This guide covers text-related accessibility best practices.
WCAG Text Guidelines
| Guideline | Level | Requirement |
|---|---|---|
| 1.4.3 Contrast | AA | 4.5:1 ratio for normal text, 3:1 for large text |
| 1.4.4 Resize Text | AA | Text must be resizable to 200% without loss |
| 1.4.8 Visual Presentation | AAA | Line length max 80 characters, line spacing 1.5x |
| 1.4.12 Text Spacing | AA | Must support user-adjusted spacing |
| 3.1.5 Reading Level | AAA | Lower secondary education reading level |
Readable Sentence and Paragraph Length
- Sentences: Aim for 15–20 words average. Sentences over 25 words become difficult to parse.
- Paragraphs: Keep to 3–5 sentences. Long paragraphs create visual walls of text.
- Line length: 50–75 characters per line is optimal for readability. Lines over 80 characters cause eye-tracking fatigue.
Alt Text Best Practices
Alternative text for images is essential for screen reader users. Guidelines:
- Describe the image's content and function, not its appearance
- Keep alt text under 125 characters (screen readers may truncate longer text)
- Do not start with "Image of" or "Picture of" — screen readers already announce it as an image
- Use empty alt (
alt="") for decorative images - For complex images (charts, diagrams), provide a longer description nearby
Link Text Guidelines
Link text must make sense out of context, as screen reader users often navigate by links alone:
- Avoid "click here" or "read more" — these are meaningless without context
- Use descriptive text: "Download the accessibility checklist (PDF)" instead of "Click here"
- Keep link text concise: 2–8 words is ideal
- Indicate file types and sizes for downloads
Plain Language Principles
- Use common words over technical jargon
- Write in active voice
- Use headings and lists to break up content
- Define acronyms on first use
- Test readability with tools (aim for Flesch-Kincaid grade 8 or lower)
Cognitive Accessibility
Users with cognitive disabilities benefit from clear, predictable content structure. Use consistent navigation, clear headings, and simple language. Avoid auto-playing media, flashing content, and unexpected changes to the page.
Conclusion
Accessible text benefits everyone. Shorter sentences, descriptive links, and proper alt text make your content clearer and more effective. Use Character Counter to check your line lengths and alt text character counts.