Dinh dang dia chi theo quoc gia va so ky tu - Thiet ke form nhap lieu toan cau
Mot dia chi o Nhat Ban co the dai 40-60 ky tu. Mot dia chi o Anh thuong chi 30-40 ky tu. Nhung mot dia chi o Thai Lan co the vuot 100 ky tu khi viet day du bang chu Thai. Khi thiet ke form nhap dia chi cho nguoi dung quoc te, viec hieu ro su khac biet ve do dai va cau truc dia chi giua cac quoc gia la dieu kien tien quyet. Dat maxlength qua ngan se cat dia chi cua nguoi dung; dat qua dai se tao co hoi cho du lieu rac.
Cau truc dia chi theo quoc gia - Tu ngan gon den phuc tap
Moi quoc gia co cau truc dia chi rieng, va su khac biet khong chi nam o do dai ma con o thu tu cac thanh phan.
| Quoc gia | Thu tu thanh phan | Do dai trung binh | Dac diem |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nhat Ban | Ma buu chinh, Tinh, Thanh pho, Quan, Pho, So nha | 40-60 ky tu | Tu lon den nho, ma buu chinh 7 chu so |
| My | So nha, Duong, Thanh pho, Bang, Ma buu chinh | 35-55 ky tu | Tu nho den lon, ZIP code 5 hoac 9 chu so |
| Anh | So nha, Duong, Thanh pho, Ma buu chinh | 30-45 ky tu | Postcode ngan (6-8 ky tu) nhung chinh xac |
| Duc | Duong + So nha, Ma buu chinh, Thanh pho | 35-50 ky tu | So nha sau ten duong |
| Han Quoc | Tinh, Thanh pho, Quan, Dong, So | 30-50 ky tu (Hangul) | Tuong tu Nhat, tu lon den nho |
| Thai Lan | So nha, Moo, Soi, Duong, Khet, Khwaeng, Tinh, Ma buu chinh | 60-120 ky tu (Thai) | Nhieu cap hanh chinh, ten dai |
| Brazil | Duong, So, Bo sung, Khu pho, Thanh pho, Bang, CEP | 50-80 ky tu | Truong "complemento" dac trung |
Dia chi Thai Lan la mot trong nhung dia chi dai nhat the gioi. He thong hanh chinh Thai Lan co nhieu cap (Changwat, Amphoe, Tambon, Moo) va ten dia danh bang chu Thai thuong dai. Mot dia chi day du o Bangkok co the vuot 100 ky tu, gay ra van de cho bat ky form nao dat maxlength duoi 80.
Ma buu chinh - Tu 4 den 10 ky tu
Ma buu chinh (postal code) la thanh phan dia chi co do dai bien dong lon giua cac quoc gia.
| Quoc gia | Dinh dang | Do dai | Vi du |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nhat Ban | NNN-NNNN | 8 ky tu (co dau gach) | 100-0001 |
| My | NNNNN hoac NNNNN-NNNN | 5 hoac 10 ky tu | 10001, 10001-1234 |
| Anh | AN NAA, ANN NAA, v.v. | 6-8 ky tu | SW1A 1AA |
| Canada | ANA NAN | 7 ky tu | K1A 0B1 |
| Duc | NNNNN | 5 ky tu | 10115 |
| Brazil | NNNNN-NNN | 9 ky tu | 01001-000 |
| Ireland | ANN XXXX | 7 ky tu | D02 AF30 |
Ma buu chinh cua Anh la mot trong nhung he thong phuc tap nhat. Voi 6 dinh dang hop le khac nhau (A9 9AA, A99 9AA, A9A 9AA, AA9 9AA, AA99 9AA, AA9A 9AA), viec validate bang regex don gian thuong dan den tu choi ma buu chinh hop le. Nhieu nha phat trien chon cach chi kiem tra do dai (5-8 ky tu) va dinh dang co ban thay vi co validate chinh xac.
Thiet ke maxlength cho form dia chi - Bai toan can bang
Dat maxlength cho truong dia chi la bai toan can bang giua bao mat (chong du lieu rac) va kha nang su dung (khong cat dia chi hop le).
| Truong | maxlength khuyen nghi | Ly do |
|---|---|---|
| Dia chi dong 1 (duong, so nha) | 100 ky tu | Bao phu dia chi Thai Lan va ten duong dai |
| Dia chi dong 2 (bo sung) | 100 ky tu | Ten toa nha, so phong co the dai |
| Thanh pho | 50 ky tu | "Llanfairpwllgwyngyll..." o Wales dai 58 ky tu |
| Tinh/Bang | 50 ky tu | Ten bang Duc co the dai 30+ ky tu |
| Ma buu chinh | 12 ky tu | Bao phu moi dinh dang quoc te |
| Quoc gia | 60 ky tu | "The United Kingdom of Great Britain..." dai 56 ky tu |
Ten thanh pho dai nhat the gioi thuoc ve mot lang o Wales: "Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch" voi 58 ky tu. Du day la truong hop cuc doan, no minh hoa tai sao maxlength 30 ky tu cho truong thanh pho la khong du. Trong thuc te, nhieu thanh pho o An Do, Sri Lanka va Thai Lan co ten dai 20-35 ky tu.
Dia chi Nhat Ban - Phan tich chi tiet cau truc va do dai
Dia chi Nhat Ban co cau truc dac trung voi thu tu tu don vi lon den nho, khac voi phan lon cac nuoc phuong Tay.
Mot dia chi Nhat Ban day du gom: ma buu chinh (8 ky tu) + tinh (2-4 ky tu Kanji) + thanh pho (3-8 ky tu) + quan/phuong (3-8 ky tu) + pho/so (5-15 ky tu) + ten toa nha va so phong (5-20 ky tu). Tong cong co the tu 30 den 65 ky tu.
Diem dac biet cua dia chi Nhat la he thong "chome-banchi-go" (丁目-番地-号). Day la he thong danh so theo khu vuc thay vi theo duong, khien viec tim dia chi kho khan hon so voi he thong phuong Tay. Tuy nhien, ve mat so ky tu, he thong nay kha ngan gon - "3-15-7" chi mat 5 ky tu.
Khi thiet ke form cho thi truong Nhat Ban, nen tach dia chi thanh cac truong rieng: ma buu chinh (tu dong dien tinh va thanh pho), phan con lai cua dia chi, va ten toa nha. Cach nay giam loi nhap lieu va dam bao du lieu co cau truc. Nhu da phan tich trong Xac thuc dau vao form, viec chia nho truong nhap lieu giup kiem soat chat luong du lieu tot hon.
Dia chi quoc te trong thuong mai dien tu - Thach thuc thuc te
Cac nen tang thuong mai dien tu quoc te nhu Amazon, Shopify va Magento phai xu ly dia chi tu hon 200 quoc gia. Moi nen tang co cach tiep can khac nhau.
Amazon su dung form dia chi thich ung theo quoc gia - khi nguoi dung chon Nhat Ban, form hien thi truong "ma buu chinh" o dau va tu dong dien dia chi. Khi chon My, form chuyen sang thu tu so nha truoc. Cach tiep can nay toi uu trai nghiem nhung doi hoi co so du lieu dinh dang dia chi cho tung quoc gia.
Shopify chon cach don gian hon voi 2 dong dia chi tu do (moi dong 200 ky tu) cung voi cac truong rieng cho thanh pho, tinh va ma buu chinh. Cach nay linh hoat hon nhung du lieu it co cau truc hon, gay kho khan cho viec validate va chuan hoa dia chi.
Doi voi cac du an nho hon, giai phap thuc te la su dung API chuan hoa dia chi nhu Google Places Autocomplete. Nguoi dung bat dau go dia chi, API goi y dia chi day du va co cau truc. Cach nay giam loi nhap lieu, dam bao dinh dang dung va cai thien trai nghiem nguoi dung. Nhu da thao luan trong Thiet ke do dai van ban da ngon ngu, viec xu ly dia chi quoc te la mot trong nhung thach thuc phuc tap nhat trong thiet ke form da ngon ngu.
Xu huong tuong lai - Dia chi so va ma hoa vi tri
He thong what3words chia toan bo be mat Trai Dat thanh cac o vuong 3m x 3m va gan cho moi o mot dia chi gom 3 tu. Vi du, "filled.count.soap" chi dinh mot vi tri cu the voi do chinh xac 3 met. Dia chi nay chi dai 16 ky tu nhung chinh xac hon bat ky dia chi truyen thong nao.
Plus Codes cua Google (vi du: "8Q7X+MR Tokyo") cung la mot he thong ma hoa vi tri ngan gon. Voi 10-11 ky tu, Plus Code xac dinh vi tri voi do chinh xac khoang 14m x 14m. Cac he thong nay dac biet huu ich o nhung noi khong co dia chi truyen thong - khu vuc nong thon, khu dinh cu khong chinh thuc, hoac cac quoc gia chua co he thong dia chi hoan chinh.
Tuy nhien, dia chi truyen thong se khong bien mat som. Con nguoi van can dia chi doc duoc de giao tiep, va he thong buu chinh toan cau van dua tren dia chi van ban. Thach thuc cho nha phat trien la ho tro ca hai he thong - dia chi truyen thong cho tuong thich nguoc va ma vi tri cho do chinh xac - trong cung mot form nhap lieu.
Sach ve thiet ke form va UX quoc te co the tim tren Amazon.